6.1. MC/VISA/AmEx Fraud Regulation

6.1.1. Definitions

Country ID Country
CTR MasterCard’s or Visa’s Chargeback-to-Transaction Ratio
FSDVR MasterCard’s Fraud-to-Sales Dollar Volume Ratio
FSR Visa’s Fraud-to-Sales Ratio
GMAP MasterCard’s Global Merchant Audit Program
CMM MasterCard’s Chargeback-Monitored Merchant
ECM MasterCard’s Excessive Chargeback Merchant
MCMP Visa’s Merchant Chargeback Activity Monitoring
HRCMP Visa’s High Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program
GMCMP Visa’s Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program
GMFPP Visa’s Global Merchant Fraud Performance Program
RMFPP Visa’s Regional Merchant Fraud Performance Program
International transaction Transactions where the card was issued in the different country then the merchant is located
Regional transaction Transactions where the card was issued in the same region as the merchant is located

6.1.2. MoneyNetint Flags and EFT possible Penalties

EFT PNE Flag Conditions Penalties
MasterCard CMM
  • CTR 1.00%
  • Chargebacks Count 100
  • Period calendar month
  • Report Submission Fee USD 50
  • Late Report Submission Fee USD 5,000 per month
  • Chargeback Fee USD 0
ECM
  • CTR 1.50%
  • Chargebacks Count 100
  • Period two consecutive calendar months
  • Report Submission Fee USD 100
  • Late Report Submission Fee from USD 500 to USD 1,000 per day
  • Chargeback Fee USD 25 for Chargebacks exceeded 1.5%
  • Period first through sixth month
  • Report Submission Fee USD 100
  • Late Report Submission Fee from USD 500 to USD 1,000 per day
  • Chargeback Fee USD 25 for Chargebacks exceeded 1.5%
  • Period seventh through twelfth month
  • Report Submission Fee USD 100
  • Late Report Submission Fee from USD 500 to USD 1,000 per day
  • Chargeback Fee USD 25 for Chargebacks exceeded 1.5%
  • USD 50,000 per month after 12 months
GMAP Step 1
  • FSDVR 3.00 - 4.99%
  • Frauds Count 3
  • Frauds Amount USD 3,000
  • Period calendar month
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction NO
GMAP Step 2
  • FSDVR 5.00 - 7.99%
  • Frauds Count 4
  • Frauds Amount USD 4,000
  • Period calendar month
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction NO
GMAP Step 3
  • FSDVR 8.00%
  • Frauds Count 5
  • Frauds Amount USD 5,000
  • Period calendar month
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction YES
  • MasterCard, at its sole discretion, may extend the chargeback liability period to 12 months.
Visa MCMP
  • CTR 3.00%
  • International (or Regional) Chargebacks Count 100
  • Period any month
  • Chargeback Fee USD 0
GMCMP
  • CTR 2.00%
  • International (or Regional) Chargebacks Count 200
  • International (or Regional) Transaction Count 200
  • Period months 1-3
  • Chargeback Fee USD 0
  • Period months 4-9
  • Chargeback Fee USD 100 - USD 200
  • Period beyond month 9
  • Chargeback Fee USD 100 - USD 200
  • Penalty USD 25,000
HRCMP Step 1
  • CTR 2.00%
  • Period months 1-3
  • Chargeback Fee USD 100
  • Period months 4-6
  • Chargeback Fee USD 150
  • Period month 7 and subsequent months
  • Chargeback Fee USD 150
  • Penalty disqualify
HRCMP Step 2
  • CTR 4.00%
  • International (or Regional) Chargebacks Count 3000
  • Merchant is assessed US $1 million or more in GMCMP fees
  • Period any month
  • Penalty disqualify
GMFPP Step 1
  • FSR 2.50%
  • International Fraud Transaction count 25
  • International Fraud Transactions amount USD 25,000
  • Period month 1-3
  • Period month 3 and above
  • Penalty USD 5,000 + USD 5,000 for every next month
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction YES
GMFPP Step 2
  • FSR 2.50%
  • International Fraud Transactions amount USD 250,000
  • Period month 1 and above
  • Penalty USD 5,000 + USD 5,000 for every next month
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction YES
RMFPP Step 1
  • FSR 7.50%
  • Regional Fraud Transaction count 15
  • Regional Fraud Transactions amount USD 15,000
  • Period month 1-3
  • Period month 3 and above
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction YES
RMFPP Step 2
  • FSR 20.00%
  • Regional Fraud Transaction count 20
  • Regional Fraud Transactions amount USD 40,000
  • Period month 1 and above
  • Chargeback any fraud transaction YES
AmEx AECP
  • CTR 3.00%
  • Period 3 months and above
  • USD 5 per Disputed Charge if the Merchant is in the Immediate Chargeback Program
  • USD 15 per Disputed Charge if the Merchant is not in the Immediate Chargeback Program

6.1.3. Fraud programs description

MasterCard Excessive Chargeback Program

MasterCard designed the Excessive Chargeback Program (ECP) to encourage each Acquirer to closely monitor, on an ongoing basis, its chargeback performance at the Merchant level and to determine promptly when a MasterCard Merchant has exceeded or is likely to exceed monthly chargeback thresholds.

See SPME Manual

ECP Definitions

MasterCard’s Chargeback-to-Transaction Ratio (CTR)
The CTR is the number of MasterCard chargebacks received by the Acquirer for a Merchant in a calendar month divided by the number of the Merchant’s MasterCard sales Transactions in the preceding month acquired by that Acquirer. (A CTR of 1% equals 100 basis points, and a CTR of 1.5% equals 150 basis points.)
MasterCard’s Chargeback-Monitored Merchant (CMM)
A CMM is a Merchant that has a CTR in excess of 100 basis points and at least 100 chargebacks in a calendar month.
MasterCard’s Excessive Chargeback Merchant (ECM)
A Merchant is an ECM if in each of two consecutive calendar months (the “trigger months”), the Merchant has a minimum CTR of 150 basis points and at least 100 chargebacks in each month. This designation is maintained until the ECM’s CTR is below 150 basis points for two consecutive months.
Tier 1 ECM
A Merchant is a Tier 1 ECM during the first through sixth month (whether consecutive or non-consecutive) that the Merchant is identified as an ECM.
Tier 2 ECM
A Merchant is a Tier 2 ECM during the seventh through twelfth month (whether consecutive or non-consecutive) that the Merchant is identified as an ECM.

MasterCard Global Merchant Audit Program

The Global Merchant Audit Program (GMAP) uses a rolling six months of data to identify MasterCard Merchant locations that, in any calendar month, meet the following criteria set.

See SPME Manual

Tier 1 - Informational Fraud Alert
  • Three fraudulent Transactions
  • At least USD 3,000 in fraudulent Transactions
  • A fraud-to-sales dollar volume ratio minimum of 3% and not exceeding 4.99%
Tier 2 - Suggested Training Fraud Alert
  • Four fraudulent Transactions
  • At least USD 4,000 in fraudulent Transactions
  • A fraud-to-sales dollar volume ratio minimum of 5% and not exceeding 7.99%
Tier 3 - High Fraud Alert
  • Five fraudulent Transactions
  • At least USD 5,000 in fraudulent Transactions
  • A fraud-to-sales dollar volume ratio minimum of 8%

MasterCard, at its sole discretion, may extend the chargeback liability period to 12 months. MasterCard reserves the right to list the Acquirer ID, Acquirer name, Merchant name, Merchant location, and chargeback liability period of any Tier 3 Merchant in a Global Security Bulletin. When MasterCard lists the Acquirer and Merchant information in a Global Security Bulletin, Issuer chargeback rights will apply. Each Issuer then has a right to use message reason code 4849 - Questionable Merchant Activity to charge back to the Acquirer some fraudulent Transactions.

MasterCard’s Fraud-to-Sales Dollar Volume Ratio (FSDVR)
The FSDVR is the amount of MasterCard frauds received by the Acquirer for a Merchant in a calendar month divided by the amount of the Merchant’s MasterCard sales Transactions in the same month acquired by that Acquirer.

Visa Merchant Chargeback Activity Monitoring

Visa’s Chargeback-to-Transaction Ratio (CTR)
The CTR is the number of Visa chargebacks received by the Acquirer for a Merchant in a calendar month divided by the number of the Merchant’s Visa sales Transactions in the same month acquired by that Acquirer. Disputes related to Chargeback Reason Code 93, “Merchant Fraud Performance Program”, are excluded from program monitoring.

An Acquirer must monitor the Chargeback-to-Transaction volume ratio of its Merchants and identify any Merchant that:

  • Receives more than 100 Chargebacks per month
  • Exceeds a Chargeback-to-Transaction volume ratio of 3%

Visa Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview

Visa monitors Merchant Outlets and Acquirers that generate an excessive level of international Chargebacks through the Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program, as noted below and as specified in the Visa Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program (GMCMP) Program Guide. Disputes related to Chargeback Reason Code 93, “Merchant Fraud Performance Program,” are excluded from program monitoring.

A Merchant Outlet is identified in the Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program if it meets or exceeds all of the following monthly performance activity levels:

  • 200 international Chargebacks
  • 200 International Transactions
  • 2% ratio of international Chargebacks to International Transactions

Visa may modify or create new monthly performance levels to respond to different Chargeback and fraud trends that emerge.

Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Handling Fees
Visa assesses an Acquirer a Chargeback handling fee of US $100 for each international Chargeback received for each identified Merchant Outlet once the Merchant has been placed in the Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program. Visa collects the Chargeback handling fee from the Acquirer and disburses US $70 to the Issuer that initiated the Chargeback through the Visa Integrated Billing Statement. Visa retains the balance as an administration fee. If the Acquirer and Merchant have not implemented procedures to reduce Chargebacks, Visa may assess the Acquirer an increased Chargeback handling fee not exceeding US $200 for each international Chargeback received for its Merchant. Visa may, at its discretion, assess the Acquirer Chargeback handling fees for Trailing Chargeback Activity that occurs up to 4 months after Merchant termination, regardless of sales volume.
Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Penalties
Visa assesses Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program penalties to the Acquirer, as described in the following tables.
Penalties for Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program - Merchant-Level Thresholds
Merchant Outlet meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds, as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview, in months 1-3 (month 1 = initial notification)
  • Workout Period 1
  • No fee
Merchant Outlet meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds, as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview, in months 4-9
  • US $100 per international Chargeback for every month the Merchant meets or exceeds the program thresholds 1
  • If the Acquirer and Merchant have not implemented procedures to reduce Chargebacks, Visa may assess the Acquirer a fee of US $200 for each international Chargeback received for its Merchant 2
Merchant Outlet meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds, as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview, beyond month 9
  • US $100 per international Chargeback for every month the Merchant meets or exceeds the program thresholds 1
  • If the Acquirer and Merchant have not implemented procedures to reduce Chargebacks, Visa may assess the Acquirer a fee of US $200 for each international Chargeback received for its Merchant 2
  • Acquirer is eligible for US $25,000 review fee
  • Visa may initiate Merchant disqualification processes against a Merchant Outlet and/or its principals

1 The Workout Period is not applicable for Acquirer-level thresholds, High-Risk Merchants, or High-Brand Risk Merchants, as specified in High-Brand Risk Merchant Category Codes

2 Visa allocates US $70 of each fee to the Issuer via a Funds Disbursement

Visa High Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program

A Merchant required to use one of the following Merchant Category Codes is considered high-brand risk:

  • 5962, “Direct Marketing-Travel-Related Arrangement Services”
  • 5966, “Direct Marketing-Outbound Telemarketing Merchants”
  • 5967, “Direct Marketing-Inbound Telemarketing Merchants”
  • 7995, “Betting, including Lottery Tickets, Casino Gaming Chips, Off-Track Betting, and Wagers at Race Tracks”
  • 5912, “Drug Stores, Pharmacies”
  • 5122, “Drugs, Drug Proprietaries, Druggist Sundries”
  • 5993, “Cigar Stores and Stands”, for Merchants that sell cigarettes in a Card-Absent Environment
Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program - High-Brand Risk Merchants - Penalties
The following table specifies the penalties per international Chargeback for Acquirers of High-Brand Risk Merchants placed in the Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program.
Merchant meets or exceeds the specified Chargeback ratio 1
  • Months 1-3
  • US $100 per Chargeback per month for each identified Merchant Outlet 2
Merchant meets or exceeds the specified Chargeback ratio1 1
  • Months 4-6
  • US $150 per Chargeback per month for each identified Merchant Outlet 2
Merchant meets or exceeds the specified Chargeback ratio 1
  • Month 7 and subsequent months
  • US $150 per Chargeback per month for each identified Merchant Outlet 2 and Visa may disqualify the Merchant from participation in the Visa Program
Visa may disqualify the Merchant from participation in the Visa Program if merchant meets or exceeds the specified Chargeback ratio 1 without an effective Chargeback reduction plan, and 2 of the following levels of Chargeback activity are reached:
  • Merchant’s Chargeback ratio is 2 or more times the specified Chargeback ratio (Single month)
  • Merchant is assessed fees for 3,000 or more Chargebacks (Single month)
  • Merchant is assessed US $1 million or more in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program fees (When reached)

1 The Chargeback ratio threshold is 2%

2 If the Acquirer and Merchant have not implemented procedures to reduce Chargebacks, Visa may assess the Acquirer a fee of US $200 for each international Chargeback received for its Merchant

Acquirer does not identify a High-Brand Risk Merchant with the correct Merchant Category Code, as specified in “High-Brand Risk Merchant Category Codes”

  • When violation occurs
  • US $25,000 per Merchant per month

Visa’s Global Merchant Fraud Performance Program

Applies if a merchant is located in one region and a card is issued in another region.

Visa’s Regional Merchant Fraud Performance Program

Applies to transactions where the card was issued in the same region as the merchant is located.

Visa’s Fraud-to-Sales Ratio (FSR)
The FSR is the number of Visa frauds received by the Acquirer for a Merchant in a calendar month divided by the number of the Merchant’s Visa sales Transactions in the same month acquired by that Acquirer.

American Express Chargeback Programs

See American Express Merchant Reference Guide - U.S.

Some chargebacks arise because merchants are placed in one of AmEx’s chargeback programs. The company may place you in any of these programs either upon signing your contract or at any time during the term of the agreement. These programs are:

Immediate Chargeback Program
This program allows AmEx to process a chargeback at any time a cardholder disputes a transaction, for any reason other than actual or alleged fraud and without having to first send you an inquiry. You may be placed in this program for one of the following three reasons:
  • You choose to enroll in this program to avoid receiving inquiries or disputes.
  • AmEx places you in this program if you meet the company’s criteria for disproportionate inquiries and chargebacks.
  • Your industry has historically had high rates of customer disputes (not necessarily resulting in chargebacks).
Partial Immediate Chargeback Program
Your enrollment in this program allows AmEx to process chargebacks below a predetermined amount, without having to first send you an inquiry at any time a cardholder disputes a transaction for any reason other than actual or alleged fraud. All disputes for charges that are above that predetermined amount will be processed under the standard policy. You may be placed in this program for one of these three reasons:
  • You choose to enroll in this program to avoid receiving inquiries for charges below a specific dollar amount.
  • Your AmEx agreement stipulates participation in this program.
  • Your industry has historically generated high rates of customer disputes.
Fraud Full Recourse Program
This program allows AmEx to issue chargebacks without first sending you an inquiry at any time it receives a cardholder dispute that is based on actual or alleged fraud. You may be placed in this program for one or more of the following reasons:
  • You are classified as a high-risk merchant.
  • AmEx receives a disproportionately high number of inquiries and chargebacks relative either to your prior history or to industry standards.
  • Your merchant account has been cancelled for being fictitious, prohibited or otherwise in violation of the agreement.
Be advised that the above list of reasons, for which you may be placed in one of AmEx’s chargeback programs, is not exhaustive. At its sole discretion, the company may place you in any one of them at any time.
Excessive dispute fee
If, in any three (3) months, the monthly ratio of Disputed Charges to gross Charges (less Credits) at an Establishment exceeds three percent, and thereafter in any month when the Establishment again exceeds this ratio, we may charge the Merchant a fee for each Disputed Charge in excess of this ratio.
  • $5 per Disputed Charge if the Merchant is in the Immediate Chargeback Program or
  • $15 per Disputed Charge if the Merchant is not in the Immediate Chargeback Program

6.1.4. Visa US Rules

Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region

Visa monitors the total volume of U.S. Domestic and International Interchange and Chargebacks for a single Merchant Outlet and identifies U.S. Merchants that experience all of the following activity levels during any month:

  • 100 or more interchange transactions
  • 100 or more Chargebacks
  • A 1% or higher ratio of overall Chargeback-to-Interchange volume
For the purposes of the U.S. Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Programs, if an Acquirer submits Interchange for a single Merchant Outlet under multiple names, Visa:
  • Groups the Merchant activity
  • Notifies the respective Acquirer of the Interchange grouping

Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Fees - U.S. Region

Visa assesses Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program fees to a U.S. Acquirer, as described in the table below.

Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Fees - U.S. Region
U.S. Merchant Outlet meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds specified in “Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program - US Region”
  • Initial Notification - month 0
  • No fee
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds for the month following initial Notification
  • Notification - month 1
  • US $5,000 for failure to return completed documentation within 10 calendar days of the Notification letter date
  • US $1,000 per day until completed documentation is received
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds for the second month
  • Notification - month 2
  • US $10,000 for failure to respond with an acceptable Chargeback reduction plan within 10 calendar days of the Notification letter date
  • US $1,000 per day until acceptable Chargeback reduction plan is received
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds for months 3, 4, and 5
  • US $50 per Chargeback for every month the Merchant continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback thresholds 1
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds for months 6 and 7
  • US $100 per Chargeback for every month the Merchant continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback thresholds 2
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds for months 8 and 9
  • US $25,000 review fee
  • US $100 per Chargeback for every month the Merchant continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback thresholds 2
U.S. Merchant Outlet continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback activity thresholds beyond month 9
  • US $100 per Chargeback for every month the Merchant continues to meet or exceed the Chargeback thresholds 2
  • Merchant and its principals eligible for disqualification proceedings, as specified in “Critical Chargeback Levels - U.S. Region”

1 Visa allocates US $40 of each fee to the Issuer via a Funds Disbursement

2 Visa allocates US $90 of each fee to the Issuer via a Funds Disbursement

High-Brand Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program Fees - U.S. Region

Visa assesses High-Brand Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program fees to a U.S. Acquirer, from the date of Notification, as described in the following table
During months 1-3, the Merchant meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds specified in “High-Brand Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region”
  • US $ 5,000 review fee month
  • US 100 per Chargeback in months 1-3 1
During months 4-6, the Merchant meets or exceeds the applicable Chargeback ratios specified in 1 above
  • US $ 150 per Chargeback in months 4-6 2
  • US $ 25,000 review fee in month 6
After 6 months in which the Merchant has met or exceeded the Chargeback thresholds specified in “High-Brand Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region”
  • Visa may disqualify the Merchant from participation in the Visa Program

1 Visa allocates US $90 of each fee to the Issuer via a Funds Disbursement

2 Visa allocates US $135 of each fee to the Issuer via a Funds Disbursement

Merchant Disqualification - U.S. Region
Visa may disqualify a U.S. Merchant specified in “High-Brand Risk Merchant Category Codes” from participating in the Visa Program if the Merchant:
  • Meets or exceeds a critical level of Chargeback activity, as determined by Visa
  • Acts with the intent to circumvent Visa programs
  • Causes harm to the Visa system
  • The Acquirer must pay a US $5,000 non-refundable fee and include it with the appeal letter

6.1.5. Acquirer Penalties

Acquirer Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program

An Acquirer is identified in the Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program if it meets or exceeds all of the following monthly performance activity levels:

  • 500 international Chargebacks
  • 500 International Transactions
  • 1.5% ratio of international Chargebacks to International Transactions
  • One or more Merchants in the program during the reporting month
Penalties for Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program - Acquirer-Level Thresholds
Acquirer meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview
  • US $25,000 for every month the Acquirer meets or exceeds the program thresholds
Acquirer meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds, as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview, more than 3 times in a rolling 12- month period
  • US $50,000 for every month the Acquirer meets or exceeds the program thresholds
Acquirer meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds, as specified in Global Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Program Overview, more than 6 times in a rolling 12-month period
  • US $100,000 for each subsequent month the threshold is met or exceeded
  • Acquirer is eligible for the imposition of Risk Reduction Procedures as specified in Member Risk Reduction Requirements
  • Visa may apply additional fines for repetitive or willful violations, as specified in Repetitive Violations and Willful Violations

Acquirer Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region

Visa monitors the total volume of U.S. Domestic and International Interchange and Chargebacks for any U.S. Acquirer that experiences all the following activity levels during any month:

  • 500 or more interchange transactions
  • 500 or more Chargebacks
  • A 1% or higher ratio of overall Chargeback-to-Interchange volume
Visa assesses High-Brand Risk Chargeback Monitoring Program fees to a U.S. Acquirer, from the date of Notification, as described in the following table
Acquirer does not
  • Identify a High-Brand Risk Merchant with the correct Merchant Category Code
  • Register a High-Brand Risk Merchant
  • US $25,000 per Merchant per month
  • US $100,000 after 3 violations in calendar year and/or prohibition against signing High-Brand Risk Merchants 1
Acquirer knowingly signs a disqualified Merchant or any of the disqualified Merchant’s principals
  • US $250,000 per month until the Acquirer terminates the Merchant Agreement 1

1 Visa may impose conditions on Acquirers for violations of the U.S. Regional Operating Regulations, up to and including termination of the Acquirer program

Visa assesses Acquirer Chargeback Monitoring Program fees to a U.S. Acquirer, as described in the following table.

Acquirer Chargeback Monitoring Program Fees - U.S. Region
Acquirer knowingly attempts to circumvent the provisions of “Acquirer Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region”
  • US $25,000 assessed 60 calendar days after Notification to the Acquirer
Acquirer meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds specified in “Acquirer Chargeback Monitoring Program - U.S. Region”
  • US $25,000
Acquirer meets or exceeds the Chargeback activity thresholds more than 3 times in a rolling 12-month period
  • US $100,000 for each subsequent month that either threshold is exceeded
Acquirer has had 3 or more Merchants in the Merchant Chargeback Monitoring Programs for 6 consecutive months
  • Daily review fee of at least US $2,500, with a one-week minimum fee of US $17,500, assessed while a review of the Acquirer’s and/or Merchants’ Visa Card-related processing activities is being conducted, as specified in “Acquirer Processing Activity Review - U.S. Region”
Acquirer fails to take action on recommendations resulting from a review of the Acquirer’s and/or Merchants’ Visa Card-related processing activities
  • US $75,000 minimum

Acquirer Fraud Monitoring Program

Visa monitors an Acquirer to determine disproportionate fraud-to-sales ratios.

An Acquirer exceeding 3 times the worldwide or regional fraud-to-sales ratio for more than one quarter will be considered non-compliant and may be subject, but not limited, to the following fines and penalties:

  • Monetary fines specified in the applicable Visa Regional Operating Regulations
  • Temporary suspension of contracting with new Merchants
  • Termination of membership

Acquirer Fraud Performance Monitoring Program Penalty Schedule - AP Region and CEMEA Region

First violation
  • US $25,000
Second consecutive violation
  • US $50,000
3 or more consecutive violations
  • US $100,000 for every subsequent violation per quarter OR Visa may revoke or suspend the Acquirer’s license

Acquirer Fraud Monitoring Program Fines - U.S. Region

First month
  • US $25,000
Second month
  • US $50,000
Third month
  • US $75,000
Fourth and subsequent months
  • US $100,000

Risk Identification Service Online Conditions and Fees - U.S. Region

Visa may:

  • Impose conditions on a U.S. Acquirer if any of its Merchants are designated as an Identified Merchant by RIS Online
  • Assess a daily review fee of at least US $2,500, with a one-week minimum fee of US $17,500, if an onsite review is required
If Visa determines that a U.S. Acquirer or its Merchant changed, modified, or altered Merchant data in any way to avoid detection by Risk Identification Service (RIS) Online, Visa may assess a US $25,000 fee to the Acquirer for each occurrence identified.
Visa assesses the following fines, as specified in the table below, to a U.S. Acquirer after the 3-month Workout Period, as described in “Excessive Fraud Activity Notification - U.S. Region.”
Fine Period - month 1 1 Acquirer receives Excessive Fraud Activity Notification 2
  • US $10,000
Fine Period - month 2 or 3. Acquirer receives Excessive Fraud Activity Notification 2
  • US $25,000
Fine Period - month 4. Acquirer receives Excessive Fraud Activity Notification 2
  • US $50,000
Fine Period - month 5. Acquirer receives Excessive Fraud Activity Notification 2
  • US $75,000
Fine Period - month 6. Acquirer receives Excessive Fraud Activity Notification 2
  • US $50,000
Fine Period - beyond month 6. Acquirer receives subsequent Excessive Fraud Activity Notification(s) 2
  • US $100,000 per month
  • Merchant and its principal(s) eligible for disqualification proceedings, as specified in “Critical Chargeback Levels - U.S. Region”

1 The Risk Identification Service Online remediation process, including Notification requirements, is described in “Excessive Fraud Activity Notification - U.S. Region.”

2 An Identified Merchant must remain below RIS Online Notification thresholds that incur a fine for at least 3 consecutive months for the Acquirer to exit the fine period specified in this table.

6.1.6. Fraud/Chargeback reasons

Visa

Chargeback Reason Codes
30 Services Not Provided or Merchandise Not Received
41 Cancelled Recurring Transaction
53 Not as Described or Defective Merchandise
57 Fraudulent Multiple Transactions
60 Requested Copy Illegible
62 Counterfeit Transaction
70 Account Number on Exception File
71 Declined Authorization
72 No Authorization Obtained
73 Expired Card
74 Late Presentment
75 Cardholder Does Not Recognize the Transaction
76 Incorrect Transaction Code
77 Non Matching Acct Number
78 Service Code Violation, Did not Obtain Authorization (International Only)
79 Requested Transaction Information Not Received
80 Incorrect Transaction Amount or Acct Number
81 Fraudulent Transaction – Card Present
82 Duplicate Processing
83 Fraudulent Transaction – Card Not Present
85 Credit Not Processed
86 Paid by Other Means
90 Services Not Rendered – ATM or VisaTravel Money Transactions
93 Risk Identification Service (RIS)
96 Transaction Exceeds Floor Limit

MasterCard

Chargeback Reason Codes
4801 Requested Transaction Information not Received
4802 Requested/Required Information Illegible or Missing
4803 Documentation Received Invalid/Incomplete
4804 Duplicate Processing
4807 Warning Bulletin File
4808 Requested/Required Authorization Not Obtained
4812 Account Number Not on File
4831 Transaction Amount Differs (Authorization to Settlement)
4834 Duplicate Processing
4835 Card Not Valid or Expired
4837 No Cardholder Authorization
4840 Fraudulent Processing of Transaction
4841 Cancelled Recurring Transaction
4842 Late Presentment
4846 Correct Transaction Currency Code Not Provided
4847 Exceeds Floor Limit – Not Authorized and Fraudulent Transaction
4849 Questionable Merchant Activity
4850 Credit Posted as a Purchase
4853 Merchandise/Services Not as Described
4854 Cardholder Dispute Not Elsewhere Classified (US Only)
4855 Non-receipt of Merchandise
4856 Defective Merchandise
4857 Card Activated Telephone Transaction
4859 Services Not Rendered
4860 Credit Not Processed
4862 Counterfeit Transaction Magnetic Stripe POS Fraud
4863 Cardholder Does Not Recognize – Potential Fraud (US Only)
4870 Chip Liability Shift
4871 Chip & PIN Liability Shift
4905 Invalid Acquirer Reference Data on Second Presentment
Retrieval Request Reason Codes
6305 Cardholder does not agree with billed amoun
6321 Cardholder does not recognize transaction
6322 Transaction Certificate (ICC Transaction)
6323 Transaction Information Document (TID) needed for cardholder’s personal records expense reporting
6341 Fraud investigation
6342 Potential chargeback or compliance documentation
6343 Real-time Substantiation Audit Request (IIAS)

American Express

Chargeback Reason Codes
A01 Amount Differs from Authorization to Settlement
A02 Did Not Receive Valid Authorization Approval
A03 Valid 6 digit Authorization code Not Provided
A04 Valid Authorization Not Obtained – You were advised to call AmEx directly
A05 Authorization Approval Code Not on Record
A06 Overlimit Authorization Approval Not Obtained
A07 Authorization Was Declined
A08 Charge submitted After Authorization Expired (Valid 30 days)
A09 Charge submitted After Authorization Expired (Valid 30 days)
A10 Transaction did not Receive Valid Approval
C01 Credit Agreed to Provide Cardholder Not Received
C02 Credit Agreed to Provide Cardholder Not Received
C03 Credit Agreed to Provide Cardholder Not Received
C04 Cardholder Provided Proof Merchandise Returned
C05 Cardholder Provided Proof Order Cancelled
C06 Credit Not Processed, Contact Cardholder for Reimbursement
C07 Disputes Return Policy, Contact Cardholder
C08 Merchandise Not Received
C09 Services Not Rendered
C10 Discontinue Recurring Billing – Second Contact/Notice
C11 Cardholder Claims Charge Greater than what they Signed for
C12 Cardholder Claims Charge Greater than what they Signed for
C13 Cardholder Paid by Other Means
C14 Cardholder Provided Proof Paid by Other Means
C15 Cardholder Provided Proof Paid by Other Means
C16 International Card – Can’t Charge for this good/service
C17 AmEx Card Not Valid In US
C18 Reservation Cancelled – Credit Due
C19 Double Billing – Charged for No Show and Reservation
C25 Cardholder received Merchandise (Positive Signal)
C26 Discontinue all Future Billings to this Account
C27 Cardholder No Longer Disputes Charges (Positive Signal)
C28 Charge Submitted After You Were Advised to Discontinue Future Billing
C29 Supporting Documentation Provided by Merchant shows Overcharge
F01 Did Not Receive Valid Authorization Approval for Amount of Charge
F05 No Signature, Swipe or Imprint when Merchandise/Tickets Picked up
F06 Client information does not match Cardholder info
F08 Unable to Support “Signature on File” charge, Contact Cardholder for Payment
F10 Did not receive Full Mag Stripe Data
F11 Signature is not that of Cardholder’s
F12 Signature Misspelled
F13 Signature differs from name on card, possible double imprint or switched cards
F14 Cardholder Signature was Not Obtained
F15 Self Directed Charged and Signed Documentation not Available
F16 Customer didn’t Place Order – Goods Never Received – Not Shipped to Billing Address
F17 Tickets Sent to address other than Cardholder address and Not Received
F18 Merchandise not shipped Cardholder billing address and Cardholder disputes billing
F19 Cardholder Claims Merchandise Not Received and was not sent to Billing Address
F20 Expired Card
F21 Card Not Valid
F22 Card Expired or Not Yet Valid
F23 Card Expired when Ticket was Accepted
F24 Multiple Charges
F25 Did Not Receive Authorization Approval for Total Amount Charged
F26 Name Provided on Transaction is Not Cardholder Name
F27 Supporting Documentation Does Not Bear Cardholder’s Name
F28 Cardholder Claims FRaudulent Use of Cards for Mail or Electronic Tickets Order
FR1 Establishment on Full Recourse/Immediate Chargeback Program
FR2 Establishment on Full Recourse/Immediate Chargeback Program
FR3 Cardholder has No Knowledge of Charge after Supporting Documents Provided
FR4 Establishment on Immediate Chargeback Agreement, Discontinue Future Billings
FR5 Establishment on Immediate Chargeback Program, Disputed Charges Debited
FR6 Establishment on Partial Immediate Chargeback Agreement, Discontinue Billings
FR40 Establishment on Immediate Chargeback Agreement, Discontinue Future Billings
M01 Chargeback Authorization Received and Processed
M02 Processed Credit Establishment Requested
M05 Credit Authorized but Cardholder Does Not Agree to Amount
M07 Cannot Bill Cardholder from (Hotel) Room Damages
M08 Cannot Bill Cardholder from Damages, Goods and Services Only
M09 Your Contract with AmEx does Not permit billing for Damages
M15 Account No Longer Active, Discontinue Future Billings
M16 Charge Incurred after Account was Cancelled
M17 Cardholder’s Account Cancelled at time Charge was Incurred
M18 Second notice of Inactive Account, Discontinue Future Billings
M30 Submitted file not processed because it appears to be Duplicate
M32 Processed Adjustment to your Account
M34 Establishment Not on CARDeposit Program and you may Not Bill this type of charge
M35 Unspecified or Other Adjustment (Explanation Included)
M36 Unspecified or Other Adjustment
M37 Credit must be processed to Cardholder’s AmEx account, contact Cardholder directly
M41 Support has been provided to Cardholder who still denies charge, Affidavit provided
M47 Cardholder had no Knowledge of charge
M48 Chargeback Reversed (Positive Signal)
P01 Transaction submitted for invalid/incorrect Account number
P02 Transaction submitted for invalid/incorrect Account number
P05 Transaction Processed in Wrong Amount
P06 Charge Submitted Late
P07 Charge Not Submitted in Reasonable Time after Charge was incurred
P08 Cardholder Claims Same Transaction Posted Twice on Account
P10 AmEx Records Indicate Duplicate Billing
P11 Cardholder Claimed Duplicate Billing and you did Not Provide Support for all Charges
P14 Invalid Charge, Account Number not Assigned to AmEx Cardholder
P15 Complete Response/Documentation Not Received with Specified Time Frame
P16 Original Response to Inquiry not Received with Specified Time Frame
P17 Missed Deadline to Supply Documentation for Representment
P18 Response Received but Not Agreed Credits, Credit Amount Debited
P19 Charge Submitted on Invalid Plastic Number
P20 Credit Submitted on Invalid Plastic Number
P21 Transaction was Submitted on a Test Account Number
R01 Full Shipping Information Not Provided on Proof of Delivery
R02 Delivery Address not Provided as Requested
R03 Insufficient Documentation – Itemized Receipt
R04 Reply Did Not Address Cardholder Dispute
R05 Cannot Bill Cardholder Account for Check that has been Returned
R06 Customer didn’t Place Order & Goods Never Received, No Knowledge of Phone/Address provided
R07 Delivery Address and Signed Proof of Delivery Not Provided
R10 Supporting Documentation Provided Did Not Include Name and/or Signature
R13 Second Inquiry to Request Information Regarding Charge
R14 Response to Inquiry Not Received within time frame
R15 Documentation/Support Agreed to Not Received
R17 Documentation/Support Received After Debit has been Made, Non-Reversible
R20 Did Not Receive Reply, with Signed Proof of Delivery you may re-bill Cardholder
R21 Reply Received After AmEx charged your Account
R22 Support Received and Chargeback Reversed (Positive Signal)
R23 Terms and Conditions and/or Proof of Usage by Cardholder Not Provided
S01 Request for Chargeback Reversal Reviewed and Denied – Account Not Credited
T01 Issuer Provides Proof Tickets were Returned and Cardholder did not Receive Credit
T02 Tickets were voided and Cardholder Credit Not Received
T03 Tickets are mirror images tickets
T04 Lost Ticket Review Period Elapsed, Cardholder Credit Not Received
T05 Charges not Authorized, made by passenger other than by Cardholder
Retrieval Request Reason Codes
3 Credit Not Received for Tickets/Vouchers
4 Request Reshipment of Tickets Not Received
7 Billing was to be in Installments – Credit Due
9 Customer Requests Return Instructions/Pickup
10 Partial Credit Received – Remaining Credit Due
11 Customers Requests Waiving Cancellation Fee – Credit Due
12 Charged Billed Twice in Error
15 Requests Credit for Exchange Fee
16 Requests Credit for Damaged Merchandise
18 Requests Credit for Overcharge
20 Claims Cancelled Service – Requests Credit and Discontinue Future Billings
21 Claims Cancelled Service – Issue Credit or Provide Cancellation Policy and Discontinue Billing
22 Claims Cancelled Membership – Requests Credit and Discontinue Future Billings
24 Damaged Merchandise, Requests Return
27 Order Canceled – Issue Credit or Provide Cancellation Policy/Proof of Delivery
28 Membership Cancelled in Writing – Issue Credit/supply signed Cancellation Policy & discontinue
29 Membership Expired – Issue Credit or supply signed contract with renewal policy/expiration date
30 Defective Merchandise – Credit Requested
31 Deposit on Vehicle not Purchased, Issue Credit or provide Signed Agreement
33 Cardholder Does has No Knowledge of Charges, Provide support and itemization or Issue Credit
40 Service / Membership Cancelled – Credit Requested or Proof of Usage
41 Unable to contact/cancel – Discontinue Charges
42 Customer Claims Alternate Bill Arrangement – Requests Credit and Discontinue Future Billings
43 Request to Cancel Service – Contact Customer Directly
44 Requests Cancellation of Service – Provide Cancellation instructions/authorization
45 Requests Replacement for Damaged Merchandise
48 Requests Replacement for Damaged Merchandise
49 Deposit on Vehicle not Leased – Issue Credit or Provide signed Agreement
59 Requests Repair of Damaged Merchandise
60 Requests Repair of Defective Merchandise
61 Credit should have been Charge – Bill Customer
62 Charge should have been Credit – Issue Full Credit
63 Dissatisfied w/ Good/Service – Credit Requested
70 Dissatisfied w/ Repair Work on Vehicle – Credit Requested
71 Requests Credit for Personal Property Damage (Moving services) – Credit Requested
72 Cardholder has no Knowledge of Billing and it has Wrong Signature
73 Reservation not Guaranteed, was to be Cancelled – Credit Requested
76 Cancelled Service – Issue credit or provide copy of agreement and Discontinue Future Billings
77 Request to Return Merchandise – Provide Return Instructions
78 Invalid Plastic Number, Provide Valid Number to avoid Chargeback
79 Invalid Plastic Number, Provide Valid Number to avoid Chargeback
80 Cancelled Time Share – Credit Requested or provide copy of signed agreement
82 Customer has No Knowledge of Credit to their Account
83 Referenced Customer Deceased
86 Discontinue billings to this Inactive Account
87 Issue Credit and Discontinue Billing to Inactive Acct
89 Alternative Billing Arrangements – Credit Requested or provide supporting documentation
90 Membership/Service Paid in Full – Credit Requested and Discontinue Future Billings
91 Cancellation Made within Allowable Time – Credit Requested
93 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges
94 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges
95 Cancelled Service – Credit Requested or provide signed proof serviced were rendered
97 Customer Requests Credit for Unauthorized Charges
99 Class/Course Cancelled – Credit Requested
107 Facility No Longer Open – Credit Requested and Discontinue Future Billings
110 Calls associated with charges Connected to Wrong Number
117 Call associated with charges was Cut-off
119 Cardholder has No Knowledge of CARDeposit Billing – Requests Credit
120 Requests Credit for Overcharge for Vehicle Rental
121 Requests Credit for Rental Vehicle did not perform properly
122 Cardholder has No Knowledge of Vehicle Rental – Issue Credit
123 Cardholder has No Knowledge of Vehicle Rental – Issue Credit
124 Customer Requests support for Charges
125 Cardholder has No Knowledge of Vehicle Rental – Issue Credit
127 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
128 Cardholder Claims they did Not Authorize Charges, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
129 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
130 Requests Credit for Deposit not Deducted from Rental Billing
131 Charge was to be Billed Directly to Insurance company
132 Customer Billed Twice from separate business addresses
133 Billed Twice for same Purchase
134 Customer Claims Portion of Charge was a Deposit
136 Customer Claims Charge was for Deposit
141 Customer Claims Charge was Deposit on Vehicle Returned
143 Customer Claims Flowers ordered Not Received
146 Disputed Merchandise Returned but 2nd charge processed instead of credit
147 Customer Claims Billing Paid by Insurance Company
150 Returned Damaged Merchandise – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
151 Returned Damaged Merchandise and Requests Replacement or Credit
152 Received & Returned Incorrect Merchandise, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
153 Received & Returned Incorrect Merchandise and Requests Replacement or Credit
154 Cancelled Order – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
155 Merchandise not Received – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
156 Merchandise not Received – Issue Credit and Rebill Upon Delivery
157 Returned Merchandise but not sent Replacement- Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
158 Merchandise Returned, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
159 Customer Requests signed support and itemization for Charges
160 Tickets/Vouchers not Ordered – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
161 Tickets/Vouchers Returned – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
162 Tickets/Vouchers Returned – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
163 Tickets/Vouchers Not Received – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
164 Tickets/Vouchers unused and Lost or Stolen – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
165 Tickets/Vouchers Lost or Stolen – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
166 Requests Credit for Payment made directly to establishment,
167 Reservation Confirmed on Incorrect Date – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
168 Reservation Confirmed in Incorrect Location – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
169 Incorrect Conversion Rate Used – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
170 Cancelled Reservation – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
171 Assured Reservation Not Honored – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
173 Requests Credit for Duplicate Billing
174 Customer Requests signed support and itemization for Charges
175 Customer Requests Credit for a Charge
176 Cardholder Does Not Recognize the referenced Charges
177 Cardholder Claims Charge Unauthorized
178 No Merchandise Ordered or Delivered – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
179 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charge for Reservation
180 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charge for stay at Establishment.
181 No Knowledge of Referenced No Show Charge
182 Cardholder Question Charges for Damages at Establishment
183 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges from Establishment
184 Charges identified as Cash Advances – cannot be billed through AmEx
185 Purchased but refused Delivery – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
186 Incorrect Merchandise – Issue Credit and provider Return Instructions
187 Requests Replacement for Incorrect Merchandise
188 Cardholder has no Knowledge of Charge, Requests Credit
189 No Subscription Issues Received – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
190 No Subscription Issues Received – Request to begin Delivery
191 Merchandise not Ordered or Received – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
192 Customer Requests signed support and itemization for Charges
193 Charges Incurred at establishment are Fraudulent
194 Charges Incurred at establishment are Fraudulent – Full Magnetic Stripe data not received
195 Customer Doesn’t Recognize charge and Requests signed support and itemization for Charges
196 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Charges, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
197 Subscription Cancelled yet Billed – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
198 Subscription Never Ordered – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
199 Cardholder charged for both stay and no-show – Requests Credit for No-show
200 Sent Claim Report and Request signed support and itemization for Charges
608 Customer not disputing but requests signed support and itemization of charges
610 Charge was to be to Third Party – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
620 Customer was under billed
656 No Knowledge of Referenced No-Show/Assured Reservation Charge
657 Requests Credit for Overcharge
658 Claims Received Multiple Billings in Error
671 Billing was to be Complimentary Stay
672 Customer Doesn’t Recognize delayed charges – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
673 Billed Assured Reservation and Actual Stay – Credit Due for Assured Reservation
674 Invalid or Incorrect Acct Number – Customer Doesn’t Recognize Charge
675 CARDeposit Billing was to be Applied to the Stay – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
676 Cancelled CARDeposit Reservation – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
678 Second Request for Credit on Billing
679 Billed Twice for CARDeposit
680 Customer Claims Overcharge – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
681 Guaranteed Reservation Cancelled within Guidelines – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
682 Cancellation of Membership – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
683 Charge Belongs to another Person due to AmEx cards being switched
684 Charge was Paid in Cash – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
685 Customer Requests Copy of Signed Receipt
687 Does Not Recognize Charge, Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
688 Charge was to be Paid by Customer’s Company – Credit and Rebill Correct Party
689 Reservation Made and paid by Third Party – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
690 Not Disputing Charges but requesting support and itemization
691 Not Disputing Charges but requesting signed support and itemization
692 Customer should have been billed for only one night – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
693 Customer Questions charge for Damages – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
694 Dissatisfactory Accommodations, Requests Credit
695 Payment made directly to Establishment – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
696 Car Rental Cancelled – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
697 Claims Billed Twice for same Rental Vehicle – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
698 Customer Requests support for Rental Charges
699 Customer should have been billed for only one night – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
700 Service Cancelled – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
701 Customer Requests Cancellation of Service- Discontinue Future Billings
702 Customer Received Duplicate Credits
703 Repair/Replacement was to be covered under warranty – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
704 Event Cancelled – Credit due for Tickets not used
705 Tickets Cancelled – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
706 Customer Refused Delivery – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
707 Call Associated with Bill had poor transmission quality
708 Call Associated with Bill was not completed/connected
712 Services Not Rendered
713 Duplicate Billing – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
722 Customer Does Not Recognize Charge for Stay – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
723 Payment made directly to Establishment – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
730 Issue Credit for Charge and Discontinue all Future Billings
792 Customer has no Knowledge of charge – Credit and Discontinue Future Billings
800 Customer No Longer Disputes Charge (Positive Signal)
R040 Service/Membership Cancelled – Issue Credit and Discontinue Future Billings
R041 Customer Unable to contact and Cancel Service – Discontinue Future Billings
R042 Customer made Alternate Billing Arrangements – Provide Documentation or Issue Credit
R043 Customer Requests Cancellation of Service – Contact Customer Directly
R044 Customer Requests Cancellation Instructions/Authorization- Contact Directly
RM05 Cardholder does not agree to amount billed
RM21 Cardholder does not recognize
RM23 Cardholder Requests Copy
RM41 Require for Legal/Fraud Analysis
RM42 Required for chargeback
S06 Automatic Closure of Inquiry
V28 Cardholder Requests Copy w/ Signature
V29 Charge detail or rental agreement request
V30 Cardholder requests copy
V31 Required for chargeback
V32 Original lost in transit
V33 Required for legal/fraud analysis
V34 Repeat request for copy
V35 Written cardholder demand
V36 Legal process specifies original
V37 Previous copy illegible
V38 Required for paper/handwriting analysis
V39 Repeat request for original
V40 Required for arbitration
V78 Cardholder requests copy with signature
V79 Charge detail or rental agreement request
V80 Cardholder requests copy
V81 Required for chargeback
V82 Original lost in transit
V83 Required for legal/fraud analysis
V84 Repeat request for copy
V85 Written cardholder demand
V86 Legal process specifies original
V87 Previous copy illegible
V88 Required for paper/handwriting analysis
V89 Repeat request for original
V90 Required for arbitration